An investigation of the nexus between economic policy and inequality in Nigeria: A case study of Federal Government policies (2000–2020).
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Background of the Study :
Economic policies are instrumental in shaping both growth and the distribution of wealth within a country. In Nigeria, federal government policies implemented between 2000 and 2020 have aimed at stimulating economic growth while attempting to address persistent income inequality (Umar, 2023). Various measures—including taxation reforms, public spending initiatives, and subsidy programs—were introduced to promote overall prosperity. However, despite these efforts, significant disparities in income distribution continue to persist. This study investigates the complex relationship between economic policy and inequality, analyzing how federal interventions have influenced different segments of the population. By examining the effects of both expansionary and redistributive policies, the research seeks to determine whether the benefits of economic growth have been equitably shared. The interplay between policy formulation, implementation challenges, and socio-economic realities provides a rich context for evaluating the impact of these measures. This inquiry is critical for understanding the factors that perpetuate inequality and for identifying potential policy reforms that could foster a more balanced distribution of resources across Nigerian society (Sani, 2024; Adamu, 2025).
Statement of the Problem
Despite numerous federal economic policies designed to stimulate growth and reduce inequality, Nigeria continues to experience significant disparities in income distribution. Policy measures have often fallen short of bridging the gap between different socio-economic groups, suggesting deficiencies in both design and execution (Umar, 2023). Inconsistencies in policy implementation, coupled with external economic pressures, have exacerbated income disparities rather than alleviating them. This study aims to investigate the nexus between federal economic policies and inequality, seeking to identify why certain policy interventions have not achieved the desired equitable outcomes. By examining the strengths and weaknesses of existing measures, the research intends to propose actionable reforms that address the root causes of inequality (Sani, 2024).
Objectives of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of federal economic policies on income inequality.
- To evaluate the effectiveness of current policy measures in promoting equitable growth.
- To recommend policy reforms that can reduce income disparities.
Research Questions:
- How do federal economic policies influence income inequality in Nigeria?
- What shortcomings exist in current policy measures regarding income distribution?
- What reforms could effectively reduce income inequality?
Research Hypotheses:
- H1: Federal economic policies significantly affect income inequality.
- H2: Ineffective policy implementation exacerbates income disparities.
- H3: Comprehensive policy reforms can reduce inequality.
Significance of the Study
This study is significant as it critically examines the relationship between economic policy and inequality in Nigeria. By evaluating the impact of federal policies, it provides insights into the factors that contribute to persistent income disparities. The findings will aid policymakers and stakeholders in developing more inclusive economic strategies that promote equitable growth. Ultimately, the study aims to foster a fairer distribution of resources, contributing to sustainable socio-economic development (Adamu, 2025).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
This study is limited to the analysis of federal economic policies and their impact on income inequality, focusing exclusively on national-level policy evaluation without extending to local or state initiatives.
Definitions of Terms:
– Economic Policy: Government measures and strategies designed to influence economic outcomes.
– Inequality: The uneven distribution of income and wealth among different segments of society.
– Federal Government Policies: Policy measures enacted at the national level to manage economic and social issues.
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